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How We Calculate Your Metrics

Every number in HealthOS that isn't directly measured by a device is an estimate — and we label it as such. Here's the exact math behind every calculation.

Formula

Body Mass Index (BMI)

BMI is a ratio of weight to height. It's quick to compute and useful as a rough baseline, but it says nothing about body composition — muscle, fat, or distribution. We show it with a trend line and always display your goal-weight BMI alongside your current BMI.

BMI = weight(kg) ÷ height(m)²
Example: 80 kg ÷ (1.75 m)² = 26.1

Categories: Under 18.5 = Underweight · 18.5–24.9 = Healthy · 25–29.9 = Overweight · 30+ = Obese

Limitation: BMI doesn't distinguish muscle from fat, ignores age and sex effects, and uses cutoffs calibrated primarily on European populations. Use as a reference, not a diagnosis. See the full BMI breakdown →
≈ Estimated

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) — Mifflin-St Jeor

BMR is the number of calories your body burns at complete rest — just to keep your organs running. We use the Mifflin-St Jeor equation (1990), which outperforms the older Harris-Benedict formula for most adults.

Male: BMR = (10 × kg) + (6.25 × cm) − (5 × age) + 5
Female: BMR = (10 × kg) + (6.25 × cm) − (5 × age) − 161

If your connected scale or device reports a BMR directly (e.g., via bioimpedance), we use that measured value instead of the formula, and label it "(device)".

Limitation: Formula-based BMR has ±10–15% error vs. indirect calorimetry. Accuracy decreases at extreme body fat percentages. We label all formula-derived values with ≈.
≈ Estimated

Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)

TDEE = BMR × activity multiplier, adjusted for actual measured activity when available. We use a tiered approach: if your device or MFP reports exercise calories, we add those directly to your sedentary base (BMR × 1.2) rather than guessing a fixed multiplier.

Base TDEE = BMR × 1.2 (sedentary baseline)
If MFP exercise calories > 50: TDEE = Base + MFP exercise
If device active calories > 100: TDEE = Base + active cal
Otherwise: TDEE = Base TDEE only

Activity multipliers for the calculator: Sedentary 1.2 · Lightly Active 1.375 · Moderately Active 1.55 · Very Active 1.725 · Extremely Active 1.9

Limitation: Active calorie estimates from wearables have ±20–30% error. TDEE is best used as a directional target, not an exact number. Use the TDEE calculator →
≈ Estimated

Caloric Deficit & Predicted Weight Loss

One pound of fat ≈ 3,500 kcal. A sustained deficit of 500 kcal/day predicts ~1 lb/week of fat loss. We accumulate your deficit daily for 7-day and 30-day periods, then convert to predicted pounds.

Daily deficit = TDEE − food calories logged
7-day deficit = sum of daily deficits over 7 logged days
Predicted loss = total deficit ÷ 3,500

Theory vs Reality = actual scale trend ÷ predicted loss × 100%

The "Theory vs Reality" ratio compares your calorie-math prediction to what the scale actually shows. Below 80% usually indicates water retention, adaptive metabolism, or logging gaps. Above 100% can happen when you underestimate activity or overestimate portion sizes.

Limitation: The 3,500 kcal/lb rule is an approximation. Actual fat loss rate varies with hormones, metabolic adaptation, sleep quality, and exercise type.
≈ Estimated

Weight Loss Projection (Goal Date Range)

We calculate three scenarios based on your current 30-day regression slope: Best (1.5× current pace), Expected (current pace), and Slow (0.5× current pace). A range is more honest than a single date because real-world loss pace varies week to week.

lbs_remaining = current_weight − goal_weight
days_expected = lbs_remaining ÷ |slope_per_day|
days_best = lbs_remaining ÷ |slope_per_day × 1.5|
days_slow = lbs_remaining ÷ |slope_per_day × 0.5|

The slope comes from linear regression on the last 30 days of weight data. We cap the projection at 365 days to avoid showing implausibly distant dates for very slow trends.

Limitation: Regression slope is only meaningful with ≥14 data points and consistent logging. A single weigh-in error can shift the projection significantly. Use the projection calculator →
≈ Estimated

VO2 Max Estimate (Uth-Sørensen Formula)

VO2 Max is your maximum oxygen uptake — the gold-standard measure of cardiovascular fitness and a strong predictor of longevity. Lab measurement requires a treadmill test. The Uth-Sørensen formula gives a reasonable estimate from resting and max heart rate.

Max HR (estimate) = 220 − age
Resting HR = measured overnight (midnight–6am) from HR sensor
VO2 Max ≈ = 15 × (Max HR ÷ Resting HR)

We pull your resting HR from overnight heart rate samples stored from your Withings device. The norms shown are age-adjusted for males and females (40-49 reference range for our current user base).

Limitation: This formula has ±3–5 mL/kg/min error vs. lab testing. The 220-age max HR formula also has ~10-15 bpm standard deviation. Use as a trend indicator over time, not an absolute number.
Formula

Weight Trend (Linear Regression)

The 30-day trend line uses ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regression on your last 30 daily weight entries. This filters out day-to-day noise from water retention and shows the real underlying direction.

slope = (n·Σxy − Σx·Σy) ÷ (n·Σx² − (Σx)²)
trend_lbs_per_week = slope × 7

Plateau = |trend_lbs_per_week| < 0.1 with ≥14 data points

We also display a 7-day moving average (orange line) alongside raw daily weights (blue) to make the noise vs. signal distinction visual and immediate.

Measured

HRV & Recovery Grade

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is measured directly by your Withings device during sleep and synced via the Withings API. A higher HRV generally indicates better recovery capacity and autonomic nervous system balance.

The recovery grade compares today's HRV to your value from 7 days ago:

hrv_change = (today_hrv − seven_days_ago_hrv) ÷ seven_days_ago_hrv × 100%

A = ≥+5% (improving) | B = −5% to +5% (stable)
C = −15% to −5% | D = −25% to −15% | F = <−25%

If no 7-day baseline exists, we grade on absolute HRV value (A=≥50, B=≥35, C=≥25, D=≥15, F=<15 ms).

≈ Estimated

Weekly Health Report Card

The report card grades 5 dimensions on a 7-day rolling window. Grades are letter grades (A–F) aggregated to an overall GPA-style score.

MetricABF
Sleep≥8h≥7h<5h
Exercise5+ days4 days0–1 days
Steps6+ days at goal5 days0–1 days
Nutrition7-day food streak5-day streakNo log
Recovery (HRV)HRV +5% vs 7dWithin ±5%−25% or worse
Note: These thresholds are guidelines based on general health literature. They're not personalized medical benchmarks. Someone recovering from injury may legitimately score F on Exercise and still be on track.

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